考博英语阅读理解若干篇篇章与问题 1

UnitOne
Passage1
Thephysicaldistributionofproductshastwoprimaryaspects：transportationandstorage。Bothaspectsarehighlydevelopedandspecializedphasesofmarketing。Thecostsofbothtrans－portingandstoringarebuiltintothepricesofproducts。Transportationcanbebytruck，rail－
way，ship，orbarge。Forsomeitems，suchasexoticplantsandflowers，orwhenrapiddeliveryisessential，airfreightmaybeused。
Storage，orwarehousing，isanecessaryfunctionbecauseproductionandconsumptionofgoodsrarelymatch：itemsgenerallyarenotsoldasquicklyastheyaremade。Inventoriesbuildup，bothinwarehousesandatretailestablishments，beforethefoodsaresold。Thetransporta－tionfunctionisinvolvedinbringinggoodstoawarehouseandtakingthemfromittoretailstores。
Storageperformstheserviceofstabilizingmarketprice。If，forexample，noagriculturalproductcouldbestored，allfoodwouldhavetobeputonthemarketimmediately。Thiswould，ofcourse，createaglutandlowerpricesdrastically。Therewouldbeanimmediatebenefittoconsumers，butinthelongruntheywouldsuffer。Farmers，becauseoflowprices，wouldbeforcedofftheland，andtheamountoffoodproducedwoulddecrease。This，inturn，wouldraiseconsumerprices。
Warehousesforstorageareofseveraltypes。Privatewarehousesareownedbymanufactur－ers。Publicwarehouses，inspiteoftheirname，areprivatelyownedfacilities，buttheyarein－dependentofmanufacturerownership。General－merchandisewarehousesstoreagreatvarietyofproducts。Cold－storagewarehousesstoreperishablegoods，especiallyfoodproducts。Grainele－vatorsareakindofwarehouseusedtokeepwheatandothergrainsfromspoiling。Abondedwarehouseisonethatstoresfoods，frequentlyimported，onwhichtaxesmustbepaidbeforetheyaresold。Cigarettesandalcoholicbeveragesarecommonexamples。
Thedistributioncenterisamorerecentlydevelopedkindofwarehouse。Manylargecom－panicshaveseveralmanufacturingplants，sometimeslocatedoutsidethecountry。Eachplantdoesnotmakeeverycompanyproductbutspecializesinoneormoreofthem。Thedistributioncenterallowsamanufacturertobringtogetherallproductlinesinoneplace。Itspurposeistominimizestorageandtoeasetheflowofgoodsfrommanufacturerstoretailersratherthanbuildupextensiveinventories。Itreducescostsbyspeedingupproductturnover。Verylargecorporationswillhaveseveraldistributioncentersregionallyorinternationallybased

1。Themainsubjectofthispassageis______。
A）transportationandstorageB）storageofproducts
C）distributioncenterD）twomainaspectsofproductdistribution
2。Warehousingisimportantinthat_
A）inventoriesbuildupbeforethegoodsaresold
B）thepriceswillgodown
C）moregoodsareproducedthancanbeconsumed
D）thefoodhastobeputonthemarketimmediately
3。Howmanytypesofwarehousesforstoragearediscussedinthepassage？
A）3。B）4。C）6。D）7。
4。Wheremightonefindmeatandmilk？
A）Grainelevator。B）Cold－storagewarehouse。
C）Privatewarehouse。D）Bondedwarehouse。
5。WhatisNOTtrueofadistributioncenter？
A）Itisarelativelynewtypeofwarehouse。
B）Productisreplacedmorequicklyandcostsaredown。
C）Somedistributioncentersarenotbuiltinthesanecountryasthefactory
D）Itbuildsupextensiveinventoriestominimizestorage。

Passage2
Howmuchpaindoanimalsfeel？Thisisaquestionwhichhascausedendlesscontroversy。Opponentsofbiggameshooting，forexample，arouseourpitybydescribingtileagoniesofabadly－woundedbeastthathascrawledintoacomertodie。Incountrieswherethefox，thehareandthedeerarehunted，animal－loverspaintharrowingpicturesofthepursuedanimalsufferingnotonlythephysicaldistressofthechasebutthementalanguishofanticipateddeath。
Theusualanswertothesecriticismsisthatanimalsdonotsufferinthesameway，ortothesameextent，aswede。Manwascreatedwithadelicatenervoussystemandhasneverlosthisacutesensitivenesstopain;animals，ontheotherhand，hadlesssensitivesystemstobeginwithandinthecourseofmillionsofyears，havedevelopedacapacityofignoringinjuriesanddisorderswhichhumanbeingswouldfindintolerable。Forexample，adogwillcontinuetoplaywithaballevenafteraseriousinjurytohisfoot;hemaybeunabletorunwithoutlimping，buthewillgoontryinglongafterahumanchildwouldhavehadtostopbecauseofthepain。Wearetold，moreover，thatevenwhenanimalsappeartoustobesufferingacutely，thisisnotso;whatseemstoustobeagonizedcontortionscausedbypainareinfactnomorethanmuscularcontractionsoverwhichtheyhavenocontrol。

Theseargumentsareunsatisfactorybecausesomethingaboutwhichweknowagreatdealisbeingcomparedwithsomethingwecanonlyconjecture。Weknowwhatwefeel;wehavenomeansofknowingwhatanimalsfeet。Somecreatureswithalessdelicatenervoussystemthanoursmaybeincapableoffeelingpaintothesameextentaswedo：thatasfarasweareentitledtodo，themosthumaneattitude，surely，istoassumethatnoanimalsareentirelyexemptfromphysicalpainandthatweought，therefore，whereverpossible，toavoidcausingsufferingeventotheleastofthem。

发布者：ws2012

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