2009年考博英语辅导资料——阅读理解训练

PASSAGEONE
Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact。Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife，thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes。Theeyesneednotbereal：amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile。Significantly，arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile，norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile。Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures。Inonestudy，whenAmericanfour–year–oldswereaskedtodrawpeople，75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths，but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes。InJapan，however，wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback，infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures，Asaresult，Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencode（把…编码）ordecode（理解）meaning。Infact，Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner。”
TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined：speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond，thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre–establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive，thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore。Listeners，meanwhile，keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker，allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly。Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact：iftheyarenotlooking，thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation。Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses：theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption，falsestarts，andunpredictablepauses。1。Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare______。A）ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas
B）somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworld
C）ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting
D）somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate
2。Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson______。
A）whosefrontviewisfullyperceivedC）whosefaceisseenfromtheside
B）whosefaceiscoveredwithamaskD）whosefaceisfreeofanycovering
3。Accordingtothepassage，theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner’sneckbecause______。
A）theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker
B）theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact
C）theydon’tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact
D）theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood
4。Accordingtothepassage，aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto______。
A）temporaryglancingawayfromthelistener
B）eyecontactsofmorethanonesecond
C）improperly–timedceasingofeyecontact
D）constantadjustmentofeyecontacts
5。Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly，itisbetterfortheparticipants______。
A）nottoweardarkspectaclesC）nottoglanceawayfromeachother
B）nottomakeanyinterruptionsD）nottomakeunpredictablepauses
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PASSAGETWO
Moreandmore，theoperationsofourbusinesses，governments，andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories。Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards，Evenworse，anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment。It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing。Butevenifthecrimeisdetected，thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers。Ofcourse，wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected。Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident，notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures。Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck。Forexample，acertainkeypunch（键盘打孔）operatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards。Investigationrevealedthattheextracardsshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions。Inanothercase，dissatisfiedemployeesofthethieftippedoff（向…透露）thecompanythatwasbeingrobbed。
Unlikeotherlawbreakers，whomustleavethecountry，commitsuicide，orgotojail，computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment，demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits。Alltoooften，theirdemandshavebeenmet。Why？Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused。Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggled（耍弄）themostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives。accountants。andsecuritystaff。Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere。1。Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_______。
A）itisstillimpossibletodetectcomputercrimestoday
B）computercrimesarethemostseriousproblemintheoperationoffinancialinstitutions
C）computercriminalscanescapepunishmentbecausetheycan’tbedetected
D）peoplecommitcomputercrimesattherequestoftheircompany
2。Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat_______。
A）manymorecomputercrimesgoundetectedthanarediscovered
B）therapidincreaseofcomputercrimesisatroublesomeproblem
C）mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheircrimes
D）mostcomputercriminalswhoarecaughtblametheirbadluck
3。Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage？
A）Astrictlawagainstcomputercrimesmustbeenforced。
B）Companiesneedtoimposerestrictionsonconfidentialinformation
C）Companieswillguardagainstcomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation
D）Companiesusuallyhesitatetouncovercomputercrimes。
4。Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsoncetheyarecaught？
A）Withbadreputationtheycanhardlyfindanotherjob。
B）Theywillbedeniedaccesstoconfidentialrecords
C）Theynaywaywalkawayandeasilyfindanotherjob。
D）Theymustleavethecountryorgotojail
5。Thepassageismainlyabout__________
A）whycomputercrimesaredifficulttodetectbysystematicinspection
B）whycomputercriminalsareoftenabletoescapepunishment
C）howcomputercriminalsmanagetogetgoodrecommendationsfromtheirformeremployers
D）whycomputercrimescan’sbeeliminated
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PASSAGETHREE
Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout。Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds。Moreover。anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment。Suchanincreasespresumesanabundantandcheapenergysupply。Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpowerandthatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety。Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy。Firstly，unclearpower，exceptforaccidents。iscleanAfurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff。Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand。whatevertheanti－nucleargroupsays，itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel，。However。opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties。Furthermore。itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy。Therehave。forexample，beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica，inBritainand，ofcourse。inRussia。Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuranium（铀）inadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket。Inthelongrun，environmentalistsargue，nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhishcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace。Thusifwewishtosurvive，wecannotaffordnuclearenergy。Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove，nuclearenergyprogrammesareexpanding。Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands。However，itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue。Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides。itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower。
1。Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis_________
A）indifferent
B）tolerant
C）favorable
D）negative
2。Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy，whichofthefollowingisTRUEofnuclearenergy？
A）Primitive
B）Cheap
C）Exhaustible
D）Unsafe
3。Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause___________
A）itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemployment
B）itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolution
C）itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsociety
D）nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff
4。Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport？
A）Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeepincreasing
B）Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout。
C）Uraniumisagoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons
D）Greatersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclearenergyprogrammes
5。Thefunctionofthelastsentenceisto__________
A）advancethefinalargument
B）reflectthewriter’sattitude
C）reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughts
D）showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpower

发布者：ws2012

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