在职博士试题
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Section A
Directions： In this section， you will hear several short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the questions. Mark your choice on the ANSWERSHEET by blackening the corresponding letter you have chosen.
1. 【A】 At the airport. 【B】 At a travel agency.
【C】 At the post office. 【D】 At a stationery store.
2. 【A】 He wasn‘t in the picture. 【B】 He left the park in a hurry.
【C】 He couldn‘t run fast enough.【D】 He didn‘t have enough film.
3. 【A】 He won‘t clean anything until tomorrow morning.
【B】 He never cleans his desk in the morning.
【C】 He‘s already cleaned his desk today.
【D】 He went to the cleaner‘s earlier
4. 【A】 His roommate has it with him. 【B】 It isn‘t really about Texas.
【C】 He doesn‘t know where it is. 【D】 He can‘t lend it out.
5. 【A】 His bill was very high.
【B】 He doesn‘t care how much the salary is.
【C】 He was careful not to spend too much.
【D】 He didn‘t pay any more than she did.
6. 【A】 His pen. 【B】 His suitcase.
【C】 His passport. 【D】 His hotel reservation.
7. 【A】 Whether Dave‘s arm hurts.
【B】 Whether Dave broke his arm.
【C】 When Dave will be paying for the window.
【D】 When Dave broke the window
8. 【A】 Both bags cost the same per pound.
【B】 The man shouldn‘t Spend so much money on potatoes.
【C】 She always buys the same size bag.
【D】 She doesn‘t usually eat any potatoes.
9. 【A】 Working with a different lamp. 【B】 Changing the light bulb.
【C】 Fixing the desk tomorrow 【D】 Getting a better quality lamp.
l0. 【A】 She thinks the other meeting would have been more interesting.
【B】 She wanted to say something else to the group.
【C】 She wanted everyone else to be quiet.
【D】 She was listening carefully to the other people.
Section B.
Directions： In this section you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the questions. Mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter you have chosen.
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following talk.
11. Which year is typical of the l950‘s according to the talk？
A. l953.
B. l954.
C. l955.
D. l956. －
12. The talk is mainly concerned with which of the following aspects of United States history？
A. The agricultural trends of the l950‘s.
B. The unemployment rate in l955.
C. The general economic situation in the I950‘s.
D. The federal budget of l952.
13. According to the talk， about how many million people were unemployed in l955？
A. One.
B. Two.
C. Three.
D. Four
14. It can be inferred from the passage that most people in the United States in1955 viewed the national economy with an air of .
A. optimism
B. confusion
C. decision
D. suspicion
15. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950‘s？
A. Farmers.
B. Economists.
C. Politicians.
D. Steelworkers.
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.
16. When were herbs first used for medical purposes？
A. In 10000 BC.
B. In 3000 BC.
C. In 2698 BC.
D. In 1000 BC.
17. Who are the most famous herbalists？
A. The Chinese.
B. The Egyptians.
C. The Babylonians.
D. The Indians.
18. Who was Nicholas Culpeper？
A. An English herbalist who tried to help the poor.
B. An English scientist.
C. An archeologist who studied herbs.
D. An English man who bred swans.
19. Why did the age of the herbalists come to an end in the West？
A. Because Nicholas Culpeper used herbs incorrectly.
B. Because people didn‘t trust Chinese medicine.
C. Because people didn‘t want to help the poor.
D. Because Nicholas Culpeper invented new scientific techniques.
20. When did the era of modern scientific medicine begin to flourish？
A. The 14th century.
B. The 11th century
C. The l7th century
D. The 7th century
Part II： Use of English （l0 points）
Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and marked A， B C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
Unlike many ants， trees grow slowly. Thirty to eighty years are necessary before a tree grows to the right size for harvesting as lumber or pulpwood. But a tree crop can be a good investment for a landowner or farmer， since trees will grow on the parts of his land where ordinary crops will not grow.
Trees 21 much more than provide lumber for home building. They provide raw materials for making paper， plastics， synthetics， turpentine， and other products. Even more important， trees protect the nation‘s water supply by holding 22 erosion and keeping water in the soil.
America once had huge natural forests. To start their 23 ， pioneers cleared many trees. Later， logging crews 24 by lumber companies moved into other forests. They cut all the valuable trees， and then moved on..
There were few 25 to protect our forests or to plant new ones until the beginning of the present century. Then， 26 with forest experts， government officials， and landowners， the lumber companies began planning to support the planting of new forests. The American Tree Far System， begun during World War II， is one of the plans that grew 27 this cooperation.
Landowners who wish to establish tree farms can get help from a professional. state－employed forester， or from an association of lumber companies. They can get 28 on what kind of trees to plant and how to care for them. Landowners must protect their trees by keeping grazing animals
29 and by removing dead or diseased trees. They must keep replanting， so that young trees are growing at all times to replace those 30 for cutting.
Some tree farms are small woodlots. Others cover thousands of acres. All together， they are of great value to the United States and its people.
21. A. create B. devote C. have D. do
22. A. on B. down C. back D. off
23. A. production B. farms C. crops D. factories
24. A. controlled B. distributed C. employed D. monitored
25. A. forces B. hardships C. efforts D. struggles
26. A. working B. going C. staying D. together
27. A. out of B. from C. upon D. up
28. A. courage B. advice C. confidence D. lesson
29. A. under B. away C. from D. out
30. A. standing B. caring C. safe D. ready
Part III. Reading Comprehension （40 points）
Directions： Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C， or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET
Passage 1
Grandma Moses is among the most celebrated twentieth－century painters of the United States， yet she had barely started painting before she was in her late seventies. As she once said of herself： ‘ I would never sit back in a rocking chair， waiting for someone to help me.‘ No one could have had a more Productive old age.
She was born Anna Mary Robertson on a farm in New York State， one of five boys and five girls （‘We came in bunches， like radishes.‘） At twelve she left home and was in domestic service until， at twenty－seven， she married Thomas Noses， the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives， first in Virginia and then in New York State， at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children， of whom five survived; her husband died in l927.
Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby， but only switched to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a fair， and were soon spotted by a dealer who bought everything she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art， and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930‘s and her death she produced some 2，000 pictures： detailed and lively portrayals of the rural life she had known for so long， with a marvelous sense of color and form. ‘I think real hard till I think of something real Pretty and then I paint it，‘ she said.
31. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
【A】 Grandma Moses： A Biographical Sketch
【B】 The Children of Grandma Moses
【C】 Grandma Moses： Her Best Exhibition
【D】 Grandma Moses and other Artists
32. According to the passage， Grandma Moses began to paint because she wanted to .
【A】 decorate her room
【B】 keep active
【C】 improve her salary
【D】 gain an international reputation
33. From Grandma Moses‘ description of herself in the first paragraph， it can be inferred that she was .
【A】 independent
【B】 pretty
【C】 wealthy
【D】 timid
34. Grandma Moses spent most of her life .
【A】 nursing
【B】 painting
【C】 embroidering
【D】 farming
Passage 2
Alfred Nobel， the famous Swedish chemist who founded the Nobel Prize， was born into a family Where research and experimentation were almost second nature. His father Immanuel， out of work and penniless， tested his theories of explosives in a laboratory set up in their house. Unfortunately， the elder Nobel remained frustrated in his efforts to apply his natural inventive spirit to establishing a prosperous endeavor.
Alfred Nobel worked alongside his father， and by l850， when he was l7， Alfred had acquired most of his father‘s knowledge of and enthusiasm for chemistry. Although numerous other scientists had been intrigued by nitroglycerine， Alfred was the one who finally managed to turn this dangerous substance into a safe and useful explosive. He succeeded in developing dynamite commercially， which laid the foundation for many of the world‘s leading chemical enterprises. Aside from introducing the innovative Nobel Ignitor in 1864 and dynamite in l866， Alfred claimed 355 patents including nitrocellulose and substitutes for leather and rubber. He developed clever methods for the production of synthetic silk and was involved in electrochemical， telecommunications， and safety alarm systems as well.
Alfred Nobel was a dedicated scientist who became very rich applying his knowledge of chemistry. His sense of guilt over having created a potentially deadly material led him to leave some of his millions to reward individuals who made substantial contributions to certain areas of science. It was natural that he would include chemistry as one of those branches， especially since the end of the nineteenth century brought rapid advancements in the field.
35. According to the passage， What is true about Alfred Nobel‘s father Immanuel？
【A】 He was never able to capitalize on his work in chemistry.
【B】 He was not instrumental in developing his son‘s enthusiasm for chemistry.
【C】 He turned his knowledge of chemistry into a profitable business.
【D】 He shared in the work of his son Alfred.
36. According to the passage， the power of nitroglycerine . .
【A】 was first recognized by Immanuel Nobel
【B】 was never utilized well by chemical enterprises
【C】 was most fully developed by Alfred Nobel
【D】 lay in its intrigue for many scientists
37. Which of the following conclusions about Alfred Nobel can be drawn from the passage？
【A】 His talents lay almost exclusively in the area of explosives.
【B】 He was reluctant to bequeath a large part of his wealth towards promoting scientific research..
【C】 He chose to work independently of other scientists.
【D】 He was a major contributor to the rapid progress in chemistry in the late nineteenth century.
38. According to the passage， Alfred Nobel made important progress in developing all of the following items EXCEPT .
【A】 nitrocellulose
【B】 rubber and leather
【C】 synthetic silk
【D】 safety alarm devices
39. It can be inferred from the passage that Alfred Nobel later viewed his invention of dynamite .
【A】 with much concern for its negative effects on mankind
【B】 as a minor achievement in his long career
【C】 with satisfaction regarding its impact on chemical enterprises
【D】 as a natural outgrowth of his father‘s training
Passage 3
If there is any single factor that makes for success in living， it is the ability to profit by defeat. Every success I know has been achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat and actually profit by it in his next undertaking. Confuse defeat with failure， and you are doomed to failure. For it isn‘t defeat that makes you fail; it is your own refusal to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success.
Defeats are nothing to be ashamed of. They are routine incidents in the life of every man who achieves success. But defeat is a dead loss unless you do face it without humiliation， analyze it and learn why you fail. Defeat， in other words， can help to cure its own cause. Not only does defeat Prepare us for success， but nothing can arouse within us such a compelling desire to succeed. If you let a baby grasp a rod and try to Pull it away he will cling more and more tightly until his whole weight is suspended. It is this same reaction which should give you new and greater Strength every time you are defeated. If you exploit the power which defeat gives， you can accomplish with it far more than you are capable of.
40. what does the author know？
【A】 He knows at lest several cases of success.
【B】 He knows every success in life.
【C】 It‘s not mentioned in the passage.
【D】 He knows every success that has been achieved by man.
41. The person who was able to analyze defeat is likely .
【A】 to achieve success
【B】 to be a successor
【C】 to profit from success
【D】 to confuse with failure
42. Defeat is valuable .
【A】 because it makes you succeed
【B】 because it helps you to face it without humiliation
【C】 orders you to confuse defeat with failure
【D】 because it compels you to arouse a desire to succeed.
Passage 4
The building crane， Which has become the most striking feature of the urban landscape in Switzerland， is beginning to alter the mountain 1andscape as well. District of the Swiss Alps， Which up to now have consisted of only a few disconnected small communities content with selling cheese and milk， perhaps a little lumber and seed potatoes， are today becoming parts of planned， developing regions. The new highway， the new ski－lift， the new multi－nationally－owned hotel will diversify the economy and raise the standard of living in the mountain areas， or so many Swiss regional planners and government officials hope.
The mountainous area of Switzerland， which accounts for nearly two－thirds of the total area of the country and only l2 percent of the total population， has always been the problem area. According to the last census in l970， 750，000 people lived in the Swiss mountains. Compared with the rest of the country， incomes are lower， services are fewer， employment opportunities are more limited and populations are decreasing. In fact， in only one respect do mountain districts come out ahead. They have more farmers， Which many people do not consider to be an advantage. Seventeen per cent of the Swiss mountain population works in primary occupations， in contrast to only 8 percent of the total population of the country.
The mountain farmers are a special breed of men. They work at least twelve hours a day in topographical and weather conditions which kill most crops and which only a few animals will tolerate. About half of them work at some other job as well， leaving their wives and children to do the bulk of the farm work. In the Rhone Valley in the canton of Valais in south－western Switzerland nearly four－fifths of the farmers commute daily from their mountain farmers to the large factories in the valley. In other parts of Switzerland this pattern of life is not as common， but almost everywhere non－farm wintertime employment is the rule.
With all the difficulties inherent in working in the Swiss mountains， why should anyone resist any extension of the mountain economy？ The answer， as Andreas Werthemann， editor of the Swiss mountain agriculture magazine Alpwirtschaftliche Monatsblatter states， is that "when tourism becomes too massive， farming disappears." And basically there are three reasons why Switzerland needs its mountain farmer; they contribute to the food supply， they preserve the landscape， and they represent the Switzer1and of nostalgia and holiday dreams.
But in the real world， and especially in highly industrialized Switzerland where mountain farmers are aware of the "benefits" of city living， is it possible to maintain mountain agriculture and still solve the problems of mountain communities？ The Swiss government has come to the conclusion that other kinds employment in addition to farming must be emphasized. Yet whether it is possible to create other jobs that will not completely destroy agriculture is unknown.
43. The building crane represents .
A. the construction of hotels， ski－lifts， etc.
B. parts of p1anned， developing regions
C. the districts of the Swiss Alps
D. the machine with a long arm used for lifting and moving heavy weighs
44. The majority of farmers in the Rhone Valley .
A. do the great part of the farm work in the valley
B. work in factories in the valley and travel from their farms in the mountains daily
C. work long hours a day
D. work at some other job besides farm work
45. Apart from supplying food， the farmers care for the landscape and .
A. offer tourists many advantages
B. form an essentia1 part of the picture of Switzerland that tourists imagine
C. develop animal husbandry in mountain areas
E. solve the problems of mountain communities
46. The magazine editor， Andreas Werthemann， takes a different attitude towards the farms in that he thinks .
A. other kinds of employment apart from farming， must be encouraged
B. it is possible to create other jobs that will not completely destroy agriculture
C. mountain farmers are aware of the benefits of city living
D. if tourism is allowed to spread too far， farming will disappear
Passage 5
Volcanoes have been erupting on the earth for millions of years. More than five hundred still erupt today .These are called active volcanoes. Volcanoes are located in belts or chains. They are found where the earth‘s crust is weak. The weak spots let the hot rock escape when the volcano erupts.
Many volcano belts are mountain ranges along the edges of continents. One belt runs along the western coast of South America up through the western part of the United States. Other volcanoes are found in oceans basins.
About three－fifths of all active volcanoes in the world are in the Pacific Ocean. Many of these volcanoes erupt under the water. The Hawaiian Islands were built by volcanoes that began erupting under water and finally reached the surface of the ocean.
47. The selection says that about five hundred volcanoes .
A. wil1 erupt this year
B. are still active
C. are located under water
D. are all that have ever been discovered
48. Volcanoes are found .
A. Where the earth‘s crust is weak
B. in belts or chains
C. in the ocean basins of the world
D. all of the above
49. Most of the active volcanoes are located in .
A. South America
B. the Pacific Ocean
C. the western United States
D. the Atlantic Ocean
50. The Hawaiian Islands were built by volcanoes that .
A. began erupting under water
B. formed a mountain ranger under water
C. finally reached the surface of the ocean
D. both 【A】 and 【C】
Part IV English－Chinese Translation （10 points）
Directions： Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
One night in March， I returned home and found my nine－year－old daughter Emma quietly crying. She attends our neighborhood public elementary school in a suburb of Tokyo. "I don‘t want to go to school anymore" she said. （51）Emma was suffering from something that is sad but all too common in
Japanese schools： bullying.
Bullying takes many forms. "Boys kick and punch， but girls use their mouths，" Emma said to her father. Three girls in her c1ass were trying to ostracize her. Like all the students， Emma walks to school. （52）In the morning those female classmates ran away screaming when they spotted Emma， as if they had seen something terrible. In the classroom they whispered among themselves while looking at her.
This can happen to any child. One week later， Emma found out it was somebody else‘s turn. This time， another girl was picked on because she sits in a certain pose， with her spine erect. Sitting differently is enough to attract teasing. （53）Naturally Emma does not like to stand out; individual excellence as well as physical differences encourage bullying. Her father is British， so she looks slightly different from the others. Her hair is a lighter shade than that of most Japanese children， and so is her skin. Emma was not really aware of these differences until she entered school. When she was a first－grader， she often said， "Mummy， I want to look 1ike you" During those days， she was reluctant to go out alone with her father because together they drew stares.
（54）A child‘s desire to be like others is encouraged by school policies. Japanese public primary education emphasizes uniformity and conformity. Although children are free to wear what they like， the school curriculum discourages individualism. Last year， Emma‘s third－grade c1ass performed on stage a well－known Chinese classic featuring a monkey with magical powers. As there are never enough roles to go around， students share parts. Each of the main characters was performed by two or three students. Everyone has to say a few lines be－cause school policy demands equal opportunities for all. On sports day all the students are divided into three teams －－ red， blue and yellow. The teams compete for an overall championship. There are no individual events. End－of－term school records also downplay as long as they try hard. The grades don‘t necessarily reflect a child‘s achievement. Parents often find out only when their children go on to junior high school that they haven‘t yet mastered their elementary school subjects.
Emma can enter our neighborhood junior high automatically， and most of her peers will do so. But neither my husband nor l wants Emma to go to that school because the students there do not 1ook lively or energetic. The principal is not enthusiastic about installing classrooms with even electric fans in spite of sweltering hot Japanese summers. What he seems to value most is the virtue of perseverance.
To enroll in a private junior high school， Emma must compete with other children. For that， she must go to a cram school where she will study far more advanced lessons than she would in ordinary school. Many of her classmates already attend a cram school， and some kids started going when they were three－years－old in order to enter prestigious kindergartens. （55）Those would help them get into prestigious elementary schools， prestigious junior highs， prestigious high schools and eventually prestigious universities to guarantee a successful career.
Part V. Writing （20 points）
Internet Kill Conversation
Or does it？ Write a composition of about 200words on this topic， explaining your view on this matter.
In the first part of your writing you should sate clearly your viewpoint on this issue. In the second part you should support your viewpoint with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.
发布者：ws2012
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