TheCostofSurvival
ByPeterMcGrathInthegoforward：inwiththenew，outwiththeold。Companieshadlifecycles，justaspeopledo。Theywereborn，theygrewup。Andwhenabettercompetitorcamealong，theydiedduetocapitalstarvation。Itwasthewaythingswere，andthewaytheyshouldbe。Themarketshadnosentiment。Capitalismwasrelentless，unforgiving。technologyUS>Howdoesanyonemanageinthisenvironment？FosterandKaplanarguethatcompaniestodaymustembrace“discontinuity，“theideathateverythingtheyhavealwaysdoneisnowirrelevant。ConsiderIntel：‘byitstopexecutives‘ownaccounts，thecompanyhadtokillitsgroundchipbusinessonceitbecameclearthatJapanesecompaniescoulddeliveressentiallythesameproductatalowerprice。Intelthenmovedintothemuchmorelucrativemicroprocessorbusiness。Itwasanobviousdecision，butonethatwashardtomake。MemorychipswereIntel‘scorecompetence。Theywereattheheartofthecompany‘sselfUS>FromnowforgottenautomobilecompanieslikeStudebakertoearlytechnologyleaderslikeWang，thecorporatelandscapeislitteredwiththebonesofcompaniesthatcouldn‘tadapttochange。Atbottom，sayFosterandKaplan，corporationsaremanagedforsurvival。“Theypresumecontinuityinthebusinessenvironment。Theyfailtointroducenewproductsforfearofcannibalizingcurrentproductlines。Theyturndownacquisitionopportunitiestokeepfromdilutingearnings。Theyprizerationaldecisionmakingandinternalcontrolsystems。Theyresistcontraryinformation，andoftenpunishmanagerswhovoiceit。Andallthewhile，capitalmarketsarededicatedtofindingandfundingnewcompetitors。Incumbentsignorethisfacttotheirperil：iftheydon‘tcannibalizetheirproductlines，someoneelsewilldoitforthem。Eventhegreatestofbrandnamesarenotimmune。Astheauthorsaskrhetorically，wouldIBMevenexisttodayhaditstucktoitscorebusinessinmainframecomputers？“Unlessthecorporationcanlearntoovercomethenaturalbiasfordenial，“theywrite，“itwill，inthelongterm，fail，oratbestunderperform。“ReadingPassage2IsSomeoneSpyingonYou？Spyingonyourkidsinyourhomeisonething。Butwhataboutwhenyouremployersnoopsonyouatwork？BigBrotherisalmostcertainlywatchingyou。Astaggering82%ofmajorcorporationsadmittedtoelectronicallymonitoringtheiremployees，inarecentstudyconductedbytheAmericanManagementAssociation。Butit‘snotjustworkerefficiencythatcompaniesaremonitoring。Manyemployersworrythatthey‘llbeliableforsexualharassmentandotherchargesbroughtagainstemployeeswhomisuseebasedcommunications。ThecaseofPeterChung，whowasfiredfromtheinvestmentfirmCarlyleGroupforboastingabouthisdatingexploitsinanemail。backdropofmistrustandcaution。Withnocomprehensivefederallawinplacefortheregulationofemployeesurveillance，almostallonjobactivitiesarefairgame。VoicemailandeUS>U。S。U。S。Sowhatcanyoudotoprotectyourself？OnewaytohideyourfootstepsontheWebisthroughananonymizerprogramlikeZeroKnowledge‘sFreedom。ItallowsyoutosurftheNetundetectedandtosendandreceiveencryptededetectionprogram。ThesitealsohasplentyofworkplaceUS>
发布者：ws2012
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