2009年考博英语辅导资料阅读理解训练

PASSAGEONE
Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact。Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife，thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes。Theeyesneednotbereal：amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile。Significantly，arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile，norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile。Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures。Inonestudy，whenAmericanfour–year–oldswereaskedtodrawpeople，75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths，but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes。InJapan，however，wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback，infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures，Asaresult，Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning。Infact，Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner。”
TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined：speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond，thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre–establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive，thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore。Listeners，meanwhile，keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker，allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly。Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact：iftheyarenotlooking，thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation。Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses：theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption，falsestarts，andunpredictablepauses。1。Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare______。A）ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas
B）somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson’sinnerworld
C）ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting
D）somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate
2。Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson______。
A）whosefrontviewisfullyperceivedC）whosefaceisseenfromtheside
B）whosefaceiscoveredwithamaskD）whosefaceisfreeofanycovering
3。Accordingtothepassage，theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner’sneckbecause______。
A）theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker
B）theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact
C）theydon’tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact
D）theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood
4。Accordingtothepassage，aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto______。
A）temporaryglancingawayfromthelistener
B）eyecontactsofmorethanonesecond
C）improperly–timedceasingofeyecontact
D）constantadjustmentofeyecontacts
5。Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly，itisbetterfortheparticipants______。
A）nottoweardarkspectaclesC）nottoglanceawayfromeachother
B）nottomakeanyinterruptionsD）nottomakeunpredictablepauses
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PASSAGETWO
Moreandmore，theoperationsofourbusinesses，governments，andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories。Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards，Evenworse，anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment。It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing。Butevenifthecrimeisdetected，thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers。Ofcourse，wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected。Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident，notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures。Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck。Forexample，acertainkeypunchoperatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards。Investigationrevealedthattheextracardsshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions。Inanothercase，dissatisfiedemployeesofthethieftippedoffthecompanythatwasbeingrobbed。

发布者：ws2012

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