有关2011年中国科学院博士入学考试英语词汇

有关2011年中国科学院博士入学考试英语词汇

    报考中国科学院所属各院、所、园、中心、站、台相关专业拟攻读博士学位的考生。

考试目的

   检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段的英语水平和能力。
考试类型、考试内容及考试结构
本考试共有五个部分：词汇（占 10% ）、完形填空（占 15% ）、阅读理解（占 40% ）、英译汉占（ 15% ），写作占 20% 。试卷分为：试卷一（ Paper One ）客观试题，包括前三个部分，共 75 题，顺序排号；试卷二（ Paper Two ）主观试题，包括英译汉和写作两个部分。
一、词汇
主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。词和词组的测试范围基本以本考试大纲词汇表为参照依据。
共 20 题。每题为一个留有空白的英文句子。要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组。
二、完形填空
主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度。考生应具有借助于词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。要求考生就所给篇章中 15 处空白所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳答案。
三、阅读理解
本部分共分两节。要求考生能：
1 ）掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节；
2 ）进行相关的判断和推理；
3 ）准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义；
4 ）领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。
A 节：主要测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。考生须完成 1800-2000 词的阅读量并就题目从四个选项中选出最佳答案。
B 节：主要测试考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。考生须完成 700 － 900 词的阅读量（ 2 篇短文），并根据每篇文章（约 400 词）的内容，从文后所提供的 6 段文字中选择能分别放进文章中 5 个空白处的 5 段。
四、英译汉
要求考生将一篇近 400 词的英语短文中有下划线的 5 个句子翻译成汉语。主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。
五、写作
要求考生按照命题、所给提纲或背景图、表写出一篇不少于 200 字的短文。目的是测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。
考试时间及计分
考试时间总计为 180 分钟 , 其中试卷一为 110 分钟 , 试卷二为 70 分钟。卷面总分 100 分。详见下表：
试卷一：
题号 名称 题量 分值 时间（分钟）
I 词汇选择填空 20 10 15
II 完形填空 15 15 15
III-A 阅读理解（ A ） 30 30 60
III-B 阅读理解（ B ） 10 10 20
小计  75 65 110 分钟

试卷二：
题号 名称 题量 分值 时间（分钟）
IV 英译汉–语篇中句子 5 15 30
V 写作 1 20 40
小计  6 35 70 分钟

SAMPLE TEST
THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION
FOR
DOCTORAL CANDIDATES

PAPER ONE

PART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)
Directions : Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

1. Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a __________ symbol among university professors.
A. post B. status
C. position D. place
2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time and money in support of ___________ archaeological research.
A. legible B. legitimate
C. legislative D. illicit
3. We seek a society that has at its __________ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual.
A. end B. hand
C. core D. best
4. A variety of problems have greatly _________the country’s normal educational development.
A. impeded B. imparted
C. implored D. implemented
5. A good education is an asset you can ________for the rest of your life.
A. spell out B. call upon
C. fall over D. resort to
6. Oil can change a society more ____________ than anyone could ever have imagined.
A. grossly B. severely
C. rapidly D. drastically
7. Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of ___________ is to make the world a pleasanter place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.
A. elitism B. eloquence
C. eminence D. etiquette
8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were _____________ in many parts of it.
A. altered B. criticized
C. incorporated D. translated
9. Nobody will ever know the agony I go __________ waiting for him to come home.
A. over B. with
C. down D. through
10. While a country’s economy is becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be more ____________ about their quality of life.
A. discriminating B. distributing
C. disagreeing D. disclosing
11. Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to ____________ them.
A. find fault with B. make the most of
C. look down upon D. get even with
12. The Minister’s _________ answer let to an outcry from the Opposition.
A. impressive B. evasive
C. intensive D. exhaustive
13. In proportion as the ____________ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end.
A. intolerance B. pessimism
C. injustice D. antagonism
14. Everyone does their own thing, to the point where a fifth-grade teacher can’t __________ on a fourth-grade teacher having taught certain things.
A. count B. insist
C. fall D. dwell

15. When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their __________ and ran into the elevator.
A. hearts B. tempers
C. heads D. senses
16. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ___________ every cheat in the marketplace.
A. at the mercy of B. in lieu of
C. by courtesy of D. for the price of
17. In fact the purchasing power of a single person’s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the _________ Singapore pension.
A. equivalent B. similar
C. consistent D. identical
18. He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk ____________.
A. honestly B. graciously
C. coherently D. flexibly
19. The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its _____________ life, but by its immeasurable difference from life.
A. significance in B. imagination at
C. resemblance to D. predominance over
20. She was artful and could always ____________ her parents in the end.
A. shout down B. get round
C. comply with D. pass over
PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)

Directions : For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
We are entering a period in which rapid population growth, the presence of deadly weapons, and dwindling resources will bring international tensions to dangerous levels for an extended period. Indeed, 21 seems no reason for these levels of danger to subside unless population equilibrium is 22 and some rough measure of fairness reached in the distribution of wealth among nations. 23 of adequate magnitude imply a willingness to redistribute income internationally on a more generous 24 than the advanced nations have evidenced within their own domains. The required increases in 25 in the backward regions would necessitate gigantic applications of energy merely to extract the 26 resources.
It is uncertain whether the requisite energy-producing technology exists, and more serious, 27 that its application would bring us to the threshold of an irreversible change in climate 28 a consequence of the enormous addition of manmade heat to the atmosphere. It is this 29 problem that poses the most demanding and difficult of the challenges. The existing 30 of industrial growth, with no allowance for increased industrialization to repair global poverty, hold 31 the risk of entering the danger zone of climatic change in as 32 as three or four generations. If the trajectory is in fact pursued, industrial growth will 33 have to come to an immediate halt, for another generation or two along that 34 would literally consume human, perhaps all life. The terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the extent that the wastage of heat can be reduced, 35 that technologies that do not add to the atmospheric heat burden—for example, the use of solar energy—can be utilized. (1996)